मेरी कोवेल या अमेरिकन लेखिकेने केलेले काही ट्विट सोशल नेटवर्किंगवर चांगलेच चर्चेचा विषय ठरत आहे. 'अंतराळामध्ये अंतराळवीर लघुशंका कशी करतात' यासंदर्भातील एक दोन नाही तब्बल २७ ट्विटस मेरीने केले आहेत. या ट्विटसमध्ये अंतराळामध्ये लघुशंका करताना येणाऱ्या अडचणी आणि त्यावर कशी मात मिळवली जाते याबद्दलचे मजेदार किस्से आणि माहिती दिली आहे. खरं तर मेरीने 'द न्यू यॉर्क टॉइम्स'साठी एक निबंध लिहिला होता तिथूनच तिला हे ट्विट करण्याची कल्पना सुचली. नासाच्या अवकाश संशोधन कार्यक्रमामध्ये कशाप्रकारे स्त्री-पुरुष भेदभाव केला जातो यासंदर्भात मेरीने 'टू मेक इट टू द मून वुमन हॅव टू एस्केप अर्थस जेंडर बायस' या मथळ्याखाली निबंध लिहिला होता. यामध्ये मेरीने १९६९ साली आखण्यात आलेली चंद्र मोहिम ही 'पुरुषांनी पुरुषांसाठी आखलेली मोहीम' होती असा आरोप केला आहे. या निबंधावरुन अनेकांनी मेरीवर टिका केली आहे. शून्य गुरुत्वाकर्षणामध्ये महिलांनी लघुशंका कशापद्धतीने करावी यासाठीचे तंत्रज्ञान १९६९ मध्ये विकसित झाले नव्हते म्हणून महिला अंतराळवीरांना अवकाशात पाठवण्यात आले नव्हते असे टिकाकारांनी म्हटले आहे. याच टिकेनंतर मेरीने आपला मुद्दा मांडण्यासाठी २७ ट्विटस केले आहेत. पाहुयात काय म्हणतेय ती या ट्विटसमध्ये. निबंधाला मिळालेल्या प्रतिसादाबद्दल ती पहिल्या ट्विटमध्ये म्हणते. Let's talk about peeing in space. Several people, in response to my NY Times essay, have said that women couldn't go into space because we lacked the technology for them to pee in space. — Mary Robinette Kowal (@MaryRobinette) July 19, 2019 आता विरोधाभास पाहा. When the Mercury program was proposed, doctors were worried that people would not be able to urinate or even swallow without the aid of gravity. And yet, they still made plans to send a man into space. — Mary Robinette Kowal (@MaryRobinette) July 19, 2019 अंतराळात गेलेला पहिला अमेरिकन, १५ मिनिटांची मोहिम आणि लघुशंकेची सोयच नाही When Alan Shepherd became the first American man to go into space, it was scheduled to be a fifteen-minute mission. Up. Hello space! Back down. They made no plans for peeing. — Mary Robinette Kowal (@MaryRobinette) July 19, 2019 .पण त्यांना स्पेससूटमध्ये लघुशंका करावी लागली Launchpad delays meant that Shepherd hit a point where he needed to go. Badly. He asked Mission Control for permission to go in his suit. After consultation with flight surgeons & suit technicians, they gave him permission to do so. So he wet himself & still went into space. — Mary Robinette Kowal (@MaryRobinette) July 19, 2019 उपाय शोधला पण. Later, they solved this problem by developing a sheath, that looked much like a condom. It worked great in testing, but when the actual astronauts used it, the sheath kept blowing off and leaving them with pee in their suits. Was this about extended time in the spacesuit? — Mary Robinette Kowal (@MaryRobinette) July 19, 2019 अंतराळवीरांची मागणी The sheaths came in small, medium, and large. It turns out, the men were all saying that they needed a Large sheath. They did not. Subsequently, the astronauts called the sheaths were called "Extra-large," "Immense," and "Unbelievable." — Mary Robinette Kowal (@MaryRobinette) July 19, 2019 मुख्य अडचणीवर उपाय मिळाला पण लघुशंकेच काय They had to tape a bag to their ass to poop. That worked well for Gemini and Mercury. And by well, I mean there was still urine in the capsule and it stank of feces. Apollo needed a different solution. — Mary Robinette Kowal (@MaryRobinette) July 19, 2019 योग्य पद्धतीने केल्यास अशाप्रकारे अंतराळवीरांना करावी लागते लघुशंका. Alas, they still had to poop into a bag, but for peeing, they could slip on a condom attached to a valve, turn the valve and have their urine sucked into the vacuum of space. If you timed it right. — Mary Robinette Kowal (@MaryRobinette) July 19, 2019 एवढा त्रास सहन करावा लागतो Open the valve a fraction too late, and urine escaped to float around the cabin. Open it too early and the vacuum of space reached through the valve to grab your manhood. Apparently, the venting of pee into space is very pretty. It catches the sunlight and sparkles. — Mary Robinette Kowal (@MaryRobinette) July 19, 2019 स्पेसवॉकच्या वेळेस काय करतात For the spacewalks, the Apollo astronauts were back to condoms that collected the pee in a bag in the suit. Buzz Aldrin was the second man on the moon, but the first to pee there. — Mary Robinette Kowal (@MaryRobinette) July 19, 2019 लघवी गोठू नये म्हणून. During Apollo13, everyone who has seen the movie knows that Fred Haise got sick. Do you know why, though? After the accident, they couldn't use the regular vent, because it needed to be heated to keep the pee from freezing. — Mary Robinette Kowal (@MaryRobinette) July 19, 2019 यानात उडत असतात लघवीचे अंश The alternate system caused droplets to float around the ship. Mission Control told them to stop dumping pee. It wasn't meant to be a permanent ban, but the crew didn't understand that. So they were stashing pee in every bag or container possible. — Mary Robinette Kowal (@MaryRobinette) July 19, 2019 मूत्रपिंडाला संसर्ग झाला. The fastest option was to store it in the collection bags they wore in their suits. Haise kept his on for hours and hours, basically bathing in pee. He got a UTI and then a kidney infection. — Mary Robinette Kowal (@MaryRobinette) July 19, 2019 अखेर महिलांना अंतराळात पाठवले तेव्हा हा उपाय शोधला. Finally, a decade later, NASA decides to send women into space. NOW they have a reason to come up with how to handle peeing in space if you don't have a penis. To launch and for a spacewalk, they developed the MAG Maximum Absorbency Garment. It's a diaper. — Mary Robinette Kowal (@MaryRobinette) July 19, 2019 पुरुषांनीच महिलांसाठी शोधलेला पर्याय वापरायला सुरुवात केली कारण. The men switched over to using those because it was more comfortable and less prone to leave pee floating around the cabin than the condom sheath. They also developed a zero-G toilet so that astronauts no longer had to tape a bag to their ass. — Mary Robinette Kowal (@MaryRobinette) July 19, 2019 अंतराळात शौचाला जाणे आणि लघुशंकेला जाणे अवघड Peeing or pooping in space is now a lengthy process, involving a fan, a targeting system, and a fair amount of prayer. Fun pooping in space fact: Without gravity, the poop doesn't break off as it exits your body. You have to reach back and help with special gloves. — Mary Robinette Kowal (@MaryRobinette) July 19, 2019 रिलिफ बॅग्स वापरल्या जातात त्या अशा Peeing is a little more straightforward. It's basically a funnel, a tube, a bag, and a fan for suction. Sometimes though, the toilet breaks down. At that point, they return to using "relief bags" taped to their ass and "manual urine containment." — Mary Robinette Kowal (@MaryRobinette) July 19, 2019 जांभळ्या रंगाची लघवी During a malfunction, it is also possible for a giant floating globe of pee to exit the toilet. Fun fact: Due to chemicals, it is bright purple and acidic. Fun fact: Poop regularly escapes, which is why you never eat a milk dud found floating in the ISS. — Mary Robinette Kowal (@MaryRobinette) July 19, 2019 मुद्दा असा की तंत्रज्ञान ही अडचण नव्हतीच महिलांना अंतराळात पाठवण्यासाठी All of which is to say that the reason women didn't go into space had nothing to do with lacking the technology to pee. We didn't have the technology for men to pee in space when they started either. And some days, the best solution is still a diaper or a bag taped to the ass — Mary Robinette Kowal (@MaryRobinette) July 19, 2019 इतर शंकांची उत्तरेही जाणून घ्या. Addendum with some FAQs: What about Farting in space? - It does not propel you. Astronauts have tried. What about belching? - Gravity keeps food at the bottom of the stomach. Burps in space tend to be accompanied by solid matter — Mary Robinette Kowal (@MaryRobinette) July 19, 2019 मासिक पाळीचे काय. What about periods in space? - According to women who have been there, "It's just like a period on Earth." It turns out menstrual blood moves via a wicking action. Gravity can speed that up, but is unnecessary. Also, tampons exist. — Mary Robinette Kowal (@MaryRobinette) July 19, 2019 १०० पुरेसे झाले का? Fun fact: When Sally Ride was preparing to go into space, NASA engineers asked her if 100 tampons would be the right number for a week. She said, "No. That would not be the right number." They cut it back to 50. — Mary Robinette Kowal (@MaryRobinette) July 19, 2019 .म्हणून लघुशंका करण्याचेही वेळापत्रक Fun fact: Gravity creates most of the sense of urgency for peeing, so in microgravity, astronauts can't always tell when they need to go. It's such a complicated process that they pee on a schedule. — Mary Robinette Kowal (@MaryRobinette) July 19, 2019 प्रक्षेपणाला उशीर झाला तेव्हा युरी गागरीनने काय केलं होतं Fun fact: When Yuri Gargarin was on his way to the launch pad, he realized the suit-up had taken so long that he needed to pee. He got out of the truck and peed on the tire. Every astronaut to launch from Baikonur since has done the same. Women squat or carry a vial of pee. — Mary Robinette Kowal (@MaryRobinette) July 19, 2019 मेरीच्या या ट्विटसला हजारोंच्या संख्येने ट्विटस आणि लाईक्स मिळाले असून ते सध्या चर्चेचा विषय ठरत आहेत. मेरी या अमेरिकेतील लोकप्रिय लेखिका असून त्यांनी 'शेड्स ऑफ मिल्क अॅण्ड हनी' तसेच 'गॅमरस इन ग्लास' ही पुस्तके लिहिली आहेत.
